Everolimus Tablets: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects
Complete guide to everolimus tablets for cancer treatment and organ rejection prevention.
About Everolimus Tablets
Everolimus is a targeted cancer medicine classified as a protein kinase inhibitor and mTOR blocker that works by reducing the blood supply to tumours and slowing down the growth and spread of cancer cells. The medication is available under several brand names including Afinitor®, Certican®, and Votubia®, with different formulations available as tablets and dispersible tablets.
| Medicine Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Type of Medicine | Protein kinase inhibitor chemotherapy medicine (mTOR blocker) |
| Used For | Treatment of cancer and prevention of organ rejection |
| Brand Names | Afinitor®, Certican®, Votubia® |
| Available Forms | Tablets, dispersible tablets |
| Typical Dosage | 10 mg once daily (may vary based on condition and liver function) |
Medical Uses of Everolimus
Everolimus is prescribed for treating several types of advanced cancers and non-cancerous tumours. The medication is commonly used to treat:
- Advanced kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma)
- Gastrointestinal cancers
- Advanced breast cancer
- Lung cancers
- Cancer that has spread from the pancreas
- Neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas, stomach, bowels, and lungs
- Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), a type of brain tumour
- Renal angiomyolipoma (a non-cancerous kidney tumour)
- Partial-onset seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex
Additionally, everolimus may be prescribed to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. The medication is particularly beneficial for patients who have not responded well to other treatments or those for whom surgery is not a suitable option.
How to Take Everolimus Tablets
Taking everolimus correctly is essential for the medication to work effectively. Before starting treatment, you should read all printed information provided by your doctor and the manufacturer’s leaflet included in your medication pack.
Basic Administration Instructions
Everolimus tablets must be swallowed whole with a glass of water. Do not chew, break, or crush the tablets, as this can affect how the medication works. You have the flexibility to take the tablets with or without food, but it is important to maintain consistency with your chosen method throughout your treatment.
Timing and Dosage
Take everolimus at the same time each day to help you remember to take your doses regularly. The recommended standard dose is 10 mg once daily, though your specialist doctor may prescribe a different strength based on your specific condition and medical history. If you have liver problems, your doctor may start you on a lower dose, such as 2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 7.5 mg per day.
If You Forget a Dose
If you forget to take a dose of everolimus, do not take the missed dose. Instead, take your next dose at the usual time. Never take a double dose to make up for the missed tablet. If you have any concerns about missed doses, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist immediately for guidance.
Dispersible Tablet Administration
If you are prescribed dispersible tablets for suspension, the administration method differs slightly. Place the tablet in a glass containing 25 millilitres of water without breaking or crushing it. Wait three minutes, then gently stir the mixture to break up the tablet. Drink the mixture immediately, and rinse the glass with the same amount of water and drink the liquid to ensure you receive the full dose.
Important Precautions Before Starting Treatment
Before beginning everolimus therapy, inform your doctor about your complete medical history, particularly if you have any of the following conditions:
- Diabetes or high blood sugar levels – everolimus may increase blood sugar levels and worsen diabetes, potentially requiring insulin or oral antidiabetic therapy
- Liver disease or hepatic impairment
- Kidney disease
- Recent vaccinations or planned vaccinations
- Infections or signs of infection
- Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant
- Breastfeeding
Your specialist doctor, who is experienced in treating your specific condition, will determine the most appropriate brand and strength of tablet for your individual needs.
Side Effects and Safety Concerns
Like all medicines, everolimus can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Understanding potential side effects helps you identify when to seek medical attention.
Effects on Blood Cells
Everolimus lowers the number of white blood cells in your blood, which increases your risk of developing infections. Additionally, the medication can reduce the number of platelets, which are cells essential for proper blood clotting. This combination requires careful monitoring and precautionary measures.
Bruising and Bleeding
If your platelet count becomes low, you may bruise or bleed more easily than normal. Watch for the following signs and report them to your healthcare team:
- Nosebleeds
- Bleeding or swollen gums
- Heavy or prolonged periods
- Blood in urine or stools
- Tiny red, brown, or purple spots on the skin that may resemble a rash (these may be harder to see on darker skin)
Infection Risk Management
Due to reduced white blood cell counts, you should take precautions to reduce your infection risk whenever possible. Strategies include:
- Avoiding contact with people who have infections
- Maintaining good personal hygiene
- Notifying your doctor immediately if you develop a sore throat or high temperature
- Being cautious about vaccinations while taking everolimus
Blood Sugar Changes
Everolimus may increase blood sugar levels, which is particularly important for patients with diabetes. Monitor for excessive thirst or increased urination frequency and report these symptoms to your doctor promptly.
Dose Adjustments Due to Side Effects
If you experience certain side effects while taking everolimus, your doctor may lower your dose or temporarily stop treatment to allow your body to recover. In some cases, treatment may be permanently discontinued if side effects become unacceptable.
Important Safety Information
Stop taking everolimus and seek medical help immediately if you experience serious symptoms such as severe infections, persistent bleeding, or other concerning reactions. Always keep your doctor and healthcare team informed about any symptoms or changes you notice while taking this medication.
Your nurse or pharmacist may also provide you with additional medicines such as anti-sickness medications to take home alongside your everolimus tablets. It is crucial to take all prescribed medicines exactly as explained to ensure optimal treatment effectiveness and safety.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Can I crush or chew everolimus tablets?
A: No, you must swallow everolimus tablets whole with a glass of water. Do not chew, break, or crush the tablets as this can affect how the medication works in your body and reduce its effectiveness.
Q: Does it matter if I take everolimus with food?
A: You can take everolimus either with or without food, but you should maintain consistency. Choose whether to take it before or after meals and continue with the same method throughout your treatment.
Q: What should I do if I miss a dose of everolimus?
A: Do not take a double dose. Simply take your next dose at the usual time. Contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist if you have concerns about missed doses or need further guidance.
Q: What cancers does everolimus treat?
A: Everolimus is used to treat advanced kidney cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, lung cancers, neuroendocrine tumours, and various other cancers. It is also used to treat certain non-cancerous tumours and prevent organ rejection in transplant patients.
Q: Why must I take everolimus at the same time each day?
A: Taking everolimus at the same time each day helps you remember to take your doses regularly and maintains consistent medication levels in your bloodstream, ensuring optimal effectiveness.
Q: Will I need blood tests while taking everolimus?
A: Yes, your doctor will likely arrange regular blood tests to monitor your white blood cell count, platelet levels, blood sugar levels, and liver and kidney function while you are taking everolimus to ensure your safety and adjust your dose if necessary.
Q: Can I receive vaccinations while taking everolimus?
A: You should discuss vaccinations with your doctor before receiving them, as everolimus can affect how your immune system responds to vaccines. Your healthcare team will advise you on the safest approach for your specific situation.
Q: What should I do if I experience signs of infection while taking everolimus?
A: Contact your doctor immediately if you develop a sore throat, high temperature, or other signs of infection. Because everolimus lowers white blood cell counts, infections require prompt medical attention.
References
- Everolimus tablets – Afinitor, Votubia — Patient.info. 2024. https://patient.info/medicine/everolimus-tablets-afinitor-certican-votubia
- Package leaflet: Information for the patient Everolimus — European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2024. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.12238.pdf
- Everolimus — Macmillan Cancer Support. 2024. https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/everolimus
- Everolimus (Afinitor) — Cancer Research UK. 2024. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/everolimus
- Everolimus (oral route) – Description — Mayo Clinic. 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/everolimus-oral-route/description/drg-20072842
- Afinitor, INN-everolimus – Product Information — European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2024. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/afinitor-epar-product-information_en.pdf
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