What Causes Astigmatism To Worsen: 4 Key Triggers

Astigmatism is a common refractive error affecting approximately one in three people, caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens that prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, resulting in blurry vision at all distances.

While often stable, astigmatism can worsen over time due to factors like

aging

eye injuries

keratoconus

What Is Astigmatism?

Astigmatism occurs when the cornea—the clear front surface of the eye—or the internal lens has an uneven, football-like shape instead of being perfectly round like a basketball. This irregularity causes light rays to scatter rather than converge at a single point on the retina, producing distorted or blurred vision for both near and far objects.

Symptoms include blurry or wavy vision, eye strain, headaches, squinting, and difficulty with night driving. Unlike myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism impacts clarity across all distances and often coexists with these conditions. It can be congenital, present at birth due to genetics, or develop later from environmental factors.

Can Astigmatism Get Worse Over Time?

Yes, astigmatism can progress or worsen throughout life, though the degree varies. Changes in corneal shape or lens flexibility can alter how light refracts, necessitating updated prescriptions for glasses, contacts, or surgery. While not everyone experiences progression, certain risk factors accelerate it, making routine eye exams crucial—ideally annually or biennially for adults.

• Progression Rate: Gradual in most cases, but rapid in conditions like keratoconus.
• Stability: Many maintain stable prescriptions for years with proper management.
• Reversibility: Rarely decreases naturally but can improve post-treatment for underlying issues.

What Causes Astigmatism to Worsen?

Several evidence-based factors contribute to astigmatism progression. These alter the eye’s optical components, disrupting light focus.

Aging

As people age, particularly after 40, the cornea may steepen or become more oblong due to natural tissue changes, muscle weakening around the eyelids, and reduced lens flexibility. These shifts exacerbate existing astigmatism, often compounding with presbyopia (age-related near vision loss). Studies note increased corneal astigmatism prevalence in older adults, with changes up to 0.5-1.0 diopters over decades.

Preventive measures include UV-protective eyewear and controlling related conditions like dry eye.

Eye Injuries and Surgery

Trauma from foreign objects, chemical burns, blunt force, or scratches can cause irregular corneal healing, distorting its shape and worsening astigmatism. Surgical procedures like cataract removal or LASIK may also induce temporary or permanent changes if complications arise.

Immediate optometrist visits post-injury are vital to minimize scarring and refraction errors. Protective eyewear during sports or work reduces risk by up to 90%.

Keratoconus

This progressive disorder thins and bulges the cornea into a cone shape, dramatically increasing irregular astigmatism. Onset typically occurs in adolescence or early adulthood, linked to genetics, eye rubbing, allergies, or connective tissue issues. Untreated, it can lead to severe vision loss.

Treatments like corneal cross-linking halt progression; early detection via corneal topography is key.

Other Factors: Does Screen Time or Eye Rubbing Cause It?

Myths persist, but screen time doesn’t reshape the cornea—it causes digital eye strain mimicking astigmatism symptoms like blur and headaches. Chronic rubbing, however, may contribute in susceptible individuals by mechanically stressing the cornea, especially with allergies.

• Eye Rubbing: Avoid vigorous rubbing; use antihistamine drops for allergies.
• Screens: Follow 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

Symptoms of Worsening Astigmatism

Monitor for escalating signs indicating progression:

These overlap with dry eye or strain, underscoring the need for professional evaluation.

When to See an Eye Doctor

Schedule an exam if symptoms intensify, prescriptions no longer suffice, or after injury. High-risk groups—those with keratoconus family history, allergies, or post-40—should check yearly. Comprehensive exams include refraction testing, slit-lamp analysis, and corneal mapping.

Treatment Options for Worsening Astigmatism

Management focuses on correction and addressing causes:

• Eyeglasses/Contacts: Toric lenses compensate for asymmetry; update as needed.
• Refractive Surgery: LASIK/PRK reshapes cornea for suitable candidates.
• Keratoconus Therapies: Cross-linking, Intacs, or transplants.
• Lifestyle: Artificial tears, ergonomics, protective gear.

Prevention Tips

While not fully preventable, mitigate risks:

• Wear safety glasses during activities.
• Manage allergies to reduce rubbing.
• Annual eye exams for early detection.
• Limit screen time with breaks.
• UV protection outdoors.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can astigmatism go away on its own?

Rarely; it typically stabilizes but doesn’t resolve without intervention. Treatment manages symptoms effectively.

Does reading in the dark worsen astigmatism?

No, but it strains eyes, amplifying symptoms. Proper lighting is advised.

Is astigmatism hereditary?

Yes, genetic factors increase risk, especially with keratoconus.

How often should I get my eyes checked if I have astigmatism?

Every 1-2 years, or sooner if changes occur.

Can contact lenses worsen astigmatism?

Improper fit might, but toric lenses are designed to correct it safely.

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Sneha TeteBeauty & Lifestyle Writer

 

Sneha is a relationships and lifestyle writer with a strong foundation in applied linguistics and certified training in relationship coaching. She brings over five years of writing experience to renewcure,  crafting thoughtful, research-driven content that empowers readers to build healthier relationships, boost emotional well-being, and embrace holistic living.

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